Water
A striking aspect of the Park is the abundance of surface water. Brooks, streams and rivers which sometimes date back to small glacier hollows and which have formed foaming water-falls in their higher stretches – just like the Serio water-fall at Valbondione, the highest in Italy with a triple drop  of all of 315 metres, or the Val Sambuzza water-fall at Pagliari di Carona and the other, just as lovely ones that can be admired in the Val di Scalve, along the Vo stream. Rivers and streams that sometimes run between picturesque gorges excavated from the rock in the course of centuries, such as those of Dezzo in Val di Scalve (Via Mala) or those of the Enna stream, at the mouth of the Val Taleggio. And then there are the more than a hundred lakes – both natural and man-made for energy purposes- scattered literally around the middle and high altitudes, like jewels set between woods and steep rocks. Some of the most important are certainly Lake Barbellino, Lake Coca, the Venerocolo Lakes, Lake Polzone, Lake Fregabolgia and the Gemelli or Twin lakes. Built-up areas often sprang up along the watercourse, since this resource was not only used by people for people but also as water for their animals and to turn the wheels of their sawmills and mechanical hammers. And the fresh, pure water of streams, rivers and lakes are also where the Brown trout and the Alpine Char reign supreme.

Flora and vegetation
Due to its very different exposures, to the abundance of its surface water and to its remarkable variations in altitude, the Park has numerous tree species and a vast assortment of flora. At altitudes from 600 to 1.500 metres on the mountain slopes, there are beech-trees together with hornbeams and hazel trees, alders, ash trees and birches. And conifer woods can be found above 1.000 metres: this is the uncontested reign of the spruce tree, whether in pure, uncontaminated woods or together with the beech-tree. Conifer woods can be found as high up as 2.000 metres in the Brembana Valley, at 1.850 metres in the Scalve Valley and at 1.700 metres in the Seriana Valley. Silver firs can also be found in the wetter valleys (for example at Torcole di Piazzatorre), while larches also thrive at high altitudes. In the pastures above the woods part of the mountain pasture activities are still performed today. Stupendous alpine flora can be found at all altitudes. The area composed of rocks and acidic soil holds two special endemisms: the Viola comollia and the Burnet besides rhododendron bushes and bilberries. But it is in the high area of the calcareous Pre-Alps that the flora puts on its very best show. This is not only where species such as junipers, mountain pines and alders can be admired in the pastures in between the screes and the rocks, but also numerous endemisms such as the Presolana saxifrage, the bellflower or Raineri campanula, the Bergamo linaria and the Monte Arera gallio. According to the season, the meadows, woods, paths and high pasture land are covered by daisies, buttercups, cyclamens, martagon lilies, St John’s lilies, edelweiss, mountain asters and nigritellas and even more flowers again. The alpine flora can be seen close up along special Nature Trails such as the Monte Arera "Flower Trail", and the Bergamo Cai ’'Nature Trail", which runs from the Antonio Curò mountain hut above Valbondione, to the Nani Tagliaferri mountain hut in Valle di Scalve.

Fauna
The Park’s fauna is very varied. The past few years have seen a considerable increase in the number of hoofed species, roe deer and chamois in particular, while there has been a decline in the number of permanent wildfowl, mainly the Greek partridge, especially vulnerable to the progressive change in its habitat caused both man’s abandonment of high altitude pastures and his excessive interference with the mountain. There are different reasons for the increase in the number of hoofed species, however: the institution of oases or repopulation areas years ago which have enabled them to reproduce; the overgrowth of woods due to the abandonment of the mountain, which has favoured the multiplication of roe deer and the appearance of the first groups of deer in some areas. A large number of chamois can be seen all over the Park, but the roe deer are mainly to be found in their ideal habitat, the overgrown coppices. In the past few years, the Park has also seen the return of the Steinbeck, which was reintroduced between 1987 and 1990 by a joint project of the Region of Lombardy, the Province of Bergamo and the Biology Department of Milan University. This superb ungulate inhabits the mountains of the upper Seriana and Brembana Valleys where its numbers have exceeded the 400 mark. The Park is also home to squirrels, foxes, weasels, stone martens, pine martens, stoats and to the white hare. Its alpine pastures have also witnessed an increase in marmots and consequently in golden eagles always on the look-out for their favourite food. Other birds of prey are falcons, buzzards, kestrels, kites and crows, usually following the migratory currents. Nocturnal birds of prey include little owls and barn owls and the increasingly rare eagle owl. Not many wild fowl species manage to stay in the mountain during winter, but the white-winged snowfinch, the hazel grouse, the willow grouse, the Greek alpine partridge and the black grouse can all be seen in the Park. All of these species are diminishing in number, just like the ever rarer wood grouse. Reptiles include vipers, slow worms and water snakes. Amphibians and fish include frogs and fire salamanders and trout and char, respectively. Extremely numerous insects inhabit the meadows, woods and pasture lands. One of the many is the Southern Wood Ant, extremely useful for the survival of conifer woods. This sworn enemy of the pine tree’s procession moth builds beautiful cupola-shaped nests out of an enormous quantity of  pine- or fir-tree needles, in the thick of the woods or on the edges of clearings.